Which of the following describes child neglect?

Child neglect is characterized by a failure or inability to provide for a child's essential needs, which can include basic necessities such as food, shelter, clothing, medical care, and supervision. This option highlights the consequences of neglect, particularly how it endangers a child's physical health. Failing to meet these fundamental needs can lead to significant harm, which is why this definition encompasses the seriousness of child neglect.

The other options do not capture the essence of neglect in the same way. Taking a day off from work can be a responsible act when it pertains to family needs and is not inherently neglectful. An occasional lack of attention may not constitute neglect unless it leads to serious consequences. Similarly, while social isolation imposed by a caregiver can be harmful, it is more indicative of emotional abuse or dysfunction rather than neglect in the context of failing to provide necessary care for physical health.