Which of the following is NOT considered a part of emotional abuse?

Verbal reinforcement is not considered a part of emotional abuse because it generally involves positive encouragement or affirmation rather than harmful behaviors. In the context of emotional abuse, the other options—intimidation, denying validity of feelings, and manipulating through guilt—typically involve negative or destructive tactics aimed at undermining a person’s confidence and emotional well-being.

Intimidation creates fear and can control or coerce a person, which is a clear indicator of emotional abuse. Denying validity of feelings invalidates a person's emotional responses, further damaging their self-esteem and sense of worth. Manipulating through guilt is often used as a tactic to exercise control over someone else’s behavior or thoughts, contributing to an emotionally abusive environment. Each of these behaviors aligns with the characteristics and definitions of emotional abuse, while verbal reinforcement does not fit that pattern.